Conventional statistics
SIDE-EFFECTS OF CHEMOTHERAPY
INTERVENTION
Are you being
talked into chemotherapy?
What your
doctors won’t tell you….
The
side-effects of chemotherapy drugs are generally categorized in the medical
studies as follows, according to their ‘site of action’ :
1. DIGESTIVE UPSETS (NAUSEA, VOMITING, ANOREXIA, STOMATITIS, DIARRHOEA,
ETC.):
SCHEIN, P.S., MACDONALS, J.S., WATERS, C., HAIDAK,D., Nutritional complications of cancer and its treatment, Semin. Oncol., Dec. 1975; 2 (4): 337-347; DREIZEN, S., Stomatotoxic manifestations of cancer chemotherapy, J. Prosthet. Dent., Dec. 1978; HYSON, E.A., BURRELL, M., TOFFLER, R., Drug-induced gastro intestinal disease, Gastrointest. Radiol., 20 Dec. 1977; 2 (3): 183-212; OHNOMA, T., HOLLAND, J.F., Nutritional consequences of cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy, Cancer Res., July 1977, 37 (7 Pt 2): 2395-2406; N.N., Cancer chemotherapy the inbuilt deterrent, Br. Med. J., 24 Nov. 1979; 2 (6201): 1312-1313; SCHUM, C.A., IZUTSU, K.T., MOLBO, D.M., TRUELOVE, E.L., GALLUCCI,B., Changes in salivary buffer capacity in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy, J. Oral. Med., Jul-Sept., 1979; 34 (3): 76-80; SCOGNA, D.M., SMALLEY, R.V., Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, Am J. Nurs., Sept. 1979; 79 (9): 1562-1564; KENNEDY, M., PACKARD, R., GRANT, M.M., PADILLA, G.V., Chemotherapy related nausea and vomiting: a survey to identify problems and interventions, Oncol. Nurs. Forum, Winter 1981; 8 (1): 19-22.
2.
AFFECTIONS OF THE SKIN AND MUCUOUS MEMBRANE (ALL SORTS OF AFFECTIONS, NAIL
DAMAGE, ALOPECIA, ETC.):
NIXON,
D.W, Alterations in nail pigment with cancer chemotherapy, Arch. Intern. Med.,
Oct. 1976; 136 (10): 1117-1118; DREIZEN, S., BODEY, G.P., RODRIGUEZ, V.,
McCREDIE, K.B., Cutaneous complications of cancer chemotherapy, Postgrad. Med.,
Nov. 1975; 58 (6): 150-158; BARAN, R., Pigmentation of the nail
(chromonynchia), J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol., Mar. 1978; 4 (3): 250-254; GAUCI,
L., SERROU, B., Changes in hair pigmentation associated with cancer
chemotherapy, Cancer Treat. Rep., Jan. 1980; 64 (1): 193.
3.
HAEMATOPOIETIC ALTERATION (IMMUNO-DEPRESSION, BLOOD COMPOSITION
ALTERATION, ETC.):
JEDRZEJCZAK,
W.W., SIEKIERZYNSKI, M., CZARNECKI, C., DZIUK, E., Patterns of changes in
peripheral blood composition in the course of combination chemotherapy of
cancer, Strahlentherapie, Nov. 1976; 152 (5): 469-476; BODEY G.P., RODRIGUEZ,
V., McCREDIE, K.B., FREIREICH, E.J., Neutropenia and infection following cancer
chemotherapy, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., Jan. - Feb. 1976; 1 (3-4):
301-304; VAN DER HOEVEN, L., CHANG, J.C., Disorders of granulocytes induced by
toxic agents, Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., Sept. - Oct. 1976; 6 (5): 415-422;
TATTERSHALL, M.H., Aggressive cancer treatment and its role in predisposing to
infection, Eur. J. Cancer, Aug. 1975; 11 Suppl.: 9-19; RENOUX, M., BERNARD,
J.F., TORRES, M., SCHLEGEL, N., AMAR, M., LOPEZ, M., BOIVIN, P., Erythrocyte
abnormalities induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy: induction of pre
leukaemic state., Scand. J. Hematol., Oct. 1978; 21 (4): 323-332; FERRARO,
E.F., Implications of anti neoplastic therapy, Dent. Surv., Febr. 1978; 54 (2):
32-33; MASON, B.A., KLUG, P.P., COHEN, P., Bone marrow necrosis during
chemotherapy for lymphoma, J.A.M.A., 20 Mar. 1978; 239 (12): 1158; BADHURI, S.,
RASHE, H., KÖHLE, W., DIETRICH, M., Blutgerinnungsstudien bei Patienten mit
akuter Leukämie vor und nach zytostatischer Chemotherapie, Verh. Dtsch. Ges.
Inn. Med., 17-21 Apr. 1977; 83: 1142-1144; KAKISHITA, E., YOSHIMURA, S.,
Influence of anti cancer chemotherapy on haemostatic mechanism (Japanese),
Rinsho Byori, Dec. 1977, 25 (12): 985-991; NERI, A., BRUGIATELLI, M., COMIS,
M., IACOB, P., NOBILE, F., PACIUCCI, P.A., LOMBARDO, V.T., Severe acute
hyperkalaemia following chemotherapy, Haematologica (Pavia), Jun. 197 ***; 62
(3): 331-332; KREPLER, P., Infections in children with malignant disease, Wien.
Klin. Wochenschr., 9 Nov. 1979; 91 (21): 707-71 *** ; RYBALBA, A.M., Prevention
and treatment of haemapoietic disorders during the chemotherapy of malignant
ovarian tumours (Ukranian), Pedriatr. Akush. Ginekol., Sept. - Oct. 1979; (5):
45-46; ETIEMBLE, J., BERNARD, J.F., PICAT, C., BELPOMME, D., BOIVIN, P., Red
blood cell enzyme abnormalities in patients treated with chemotherapy, Br. J.
Haematol., Jul. 1979; 42 (3): 391-398: HAROUSSEAU, J.L., TOBELEM, G., SCHAISON,
G., JACQUILLAT, C., Leucémies aigues lymphoblastiques hyperleucocytaires:
problèmes d’urgence au cours du traitement initial, Nouv. Presse Méd., 19 May
1979; 8 (22): 1827-1830; LY, B., SOLHEIM, B.G., SKAR, A.G., Granulocytopenia
and infections during induction therapy of acute leukaemia (Norwegian),
Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen, Febr. 1981; 101 (6): 379-386.
4.
AFFECTION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS (STERILITY, IMPOTENCE, AZOOSPERMIA,
AMENORRHEA, GYNECOMASTIA, ETC.):
RUSSEL,
J.A., POWLES, R.L., OLIVER, R.T., Conception and congenital abnormalities after
chemotherapy of acute myelogenous leukaemia in two men, Br. Med. J., 19 Jun.
1976; 1 (6024): 1508; SIRIS, E.S., LEVENTHAL, B.G., VAITUKAITIS, J.L., Effects
of childhood leukaemia and chemotherapy on puberty and reproductive function in
girls, N. Engl. J. Med., 20 May 1976; 294 (21): 1143-1146; ASBJORNSEN, G.,
MOLNE, K., KLEPP, O., AAKVAAG, A., Testicular function after combination
chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease, Scand. J. Haematol., Jan. 1976; 16 (1):
66-69; DI LIBERTI, J.H., Teratogenesis and chemotherapy, Ann. Intern. Med.,
Nov. 1974; 81 (5): 709; SUTCLIFFE, S.B., Cytotoxex chemotherapy and gonadal
function in patients with Hodgkin’s disease, J.A.M.A., 26 Oct. 1979; 242 (17):
1898-1899; CHAPMAN, R.M., SUTCLIFFE, S.B., MALPAS, J.S., Cytotoxic-induced
ovarian failure in Hodgkin’s disease. Effects on sexual function, J.A.M.A., 26
Oct. 1979; 242 (17): 1882-1884; GLASS, A.R., BERENBERG, J., Gynecomastia after
chemotherapy for lymphoma, Arch. Intern. Med., Sept. 1979; 139 (9): 1048-1049;
RUSTIN, G.J., BAGSHAWE, K.D., NEWLANDS, E.S., BEGENT, R.H., Cytotoxic drugs and
sterility, Lancet, 13 Jun. 1981; 1 (8233): 1316; THORNELDE, W.F.,
Cytotoxic-induced ovarian failure in Hodgkin’s disease, J.A.M.A., 1 Aug. 1980;
244 (5): 435.
5.
RENAL AND LIVER DAMAGE:
JAYABOSE,
S., SHENDE, A., LANZKOWSKY, P., Hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy following
nephrectomy and radiation therapy for right-sided Willms tumour, J. Pediatr.,
May 1976; 88 (5): 898; KANFER, A., ROLAND, J., CHATELET, F., RICHET, G.,
Insuffisance rénale aigue hyperphosphatémique au cours d’un lymphosarcome, J.
Urol. Nephrol., (Paris), Apr. - May 1979; 85 (4-5): 337.
6.
IMPAIRMENT OF THE OSSEOUS (SKELETAL) SYSTEM:
IHDE,
D.C., DEVITA, V.T., Osteonecrosis of the femoral head in patients with lymphoma
treated with intermittent combination chemotherapy, Cancer, Nov. 1975; 36 (5):
1585-1588.
7. PULMONARY DISEASES:
KÜHBÖCK, S., Lungenfibrosen nach Behandlung mit
Zytostatika, Wien. Med. Wochenschr., 1 Oct. 1976; 126 (40): 568-570;
CAUBARRERE, I., Les pneumopathies infectueuses au cours de la chimiothérapie
des hémopathies malignes, Rev. Prat., 21 May 1976; 26 (29): 2051-2060; SIZOD,
W., WOLVIUS, G.G., Pneumocystis-pneumonie als complicatie bij cytostatische
therapie, Nederl. Tijdschr. Geneeskunde, 6 Mar. 1976; 120 (10): 418-424; SAUER,
E., GULLOTTA, U., FINK, U., Akute beidseitige Lungeninfiltration als
Komplikation der Zytostatischen Therapie, Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr., 10 Oct. 1975; 100 (41): 2098-2101; OKITA, H., ITO,
K., TAKETOMI, Y., FUJIMURA, K., KURAMOTO, A., Four patients with leukaemia who
showed especially a typical type of interstitial pneumonia, probably caused
following the administration of anti-leukaemic drugs (Japanese), Jpn. J. Clin.
Hematol., 30 Jul. 1974; 15 (7): 764-773; HERMANSKY, F., BENESOVA, E., CHMEL,
J., JIRAK, A., Pulmonary complications caused by cytostatic treatment (Czech),
Vnitr. Lek., Jun. 1977; 23 (7): 695-701; DEMETER, S.L., AHAMD, M., TOMASHEKSKI,
J.F., Drug-induced pulmonary disease, Cleve. Clin. Q., Fall 1979; 46 (3):
113-124; ZHU, G.Y., Acute pulmonary edema during chemotherapy of late stage
tumors (Chinese), Chung Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Hsi Chi Ping Tsa Chih, Dec.
1980; 3 (4): 201-202.
8.
MUTAGENIC (CANCER-CAUSING) CHANGES:
MAJSKY,
A., JAKOUBKOVA, J., ABRAHAMOVA, J., Chemotherapy one of the causes of transient
loss of HLA antigens and lymphocyte poly-reactivity in patients with blood
diseases and malignancies, J. Immunogenet., Dec. 1976; 3 (6): 429-433; ROSS,
G.T., Congenital anomalies among children born of mothers receiving
chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic neoplasms, Cancer, Feb. 1976; 37 (2
Suppl.): 1043-1047; POLEKSIC, S., YEUNG, K.Y., Rapid development of
keratoancanthoma and accelerated transformation into squamous cell carcinoma of
the skin: a mutagenic effect of polychemotherapy in a patient with Hodgkin’s
disease, Cancer, Jan. 1978; 41 (1): 12-16; SCHAISON, G., JACQUILLAT, C.,
AUCLERC, G., WEIL, M., Les risques foeto-embryonnaires des chimiothérapies,
Bull. Cancer (Paris), 1979; 66 (2): 165-170; SAKALOVA, A., BENKO, J., IZAKOVIC,
V., Anti tumorous therapy and its consequences upon gravidity and foetus
(Slovakian), Cesk. Gynekol., May 1979; 44 (4): 272-276; SCHADER, A.I., Teratogenic
effects of anti leukaemia chemotherapy, Arch. Intern. Med., Mar. 1981; 141 (4):
514-515; KAEMPFER, S.H., The effects of cancer chemotherapy on reproduction: a
review of the literature, Oncol. Nurs. Forum, Winter 1981; 8 (1): 11-18.
9.
CANCER-PRODUCING SIDE-EFFECTS:
HAQUE,
T., LUTCHER, C., FAGUET, G., TALLEDI, O., Chemotherapy-associated acute
myelogenous leukaemia and ovarian carcinoma, Am. J. Med. Sci., Sept. - Oct.
1976; 272 (2): 225-228; JOCHIMSEN, P.R., PEARLMAN, N.W., LAWTON, R.L.,
Pancreatic carcinoma as a sequel to therapy of lymphoma, J. Surg. Oncol., 1976;
8 (6): 461-464; SEIDENFELD, A.M., SMYTHE, H.A., OGRYZLO, M.A., UROWITZ, M.B.,
DOTTEN, D.A., Acute leukaemia in rheumatoid arthritis treated with cytotoxic
agents, J. Rheumatol., Sept. 1976; 3 (3): 295-304; ROBERTS, M.M., Acute
leukaemia after immunosuppressive therapy, Lancet, 9 Oct. 1976; 2 (7989):
768-770; KUIS, W., DE KRAKER, J., KUIJTEN, R.H., DONCKERWOLCKE, R.A., VOUTE,
P.A., Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia after treatment of nephrotic syndrome with
immunosuppressive drugs, Helv. Paediatr. Acta, Jun. 1976; 31 (1): 91-95; NAESS,
K., Cancer of the pancreas chemically induced. Can drugs play a role?
(Norwegian), Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen, 10 Jun. 1976; 96(16): 949; STECHMILLER,
B., WIERNIK, P.H., SHIN, M., SATTERFIELD, J., Metastatic teratocarcinoma
following chemotherapy. Maturation to a mass pathologically indistinguishable
from a mediastinal enteric cyst, Chest, May 1976; 69 (5): 697-700; JAFFE, N.,
Late side-effects of treatment: skeletal, genetic, central nervous system and
oncogenic, Pediatr. Clin. N. Am., Feb. 1976; 23 (1): 233-244; MEADOWS, A.T., D’ANGIO,
G.J., EVANS, A.E., HARRIS, C.C., MILLER, R.W., MIKE, V., Oncogenesis and other
late effects of cancer treatment in children, Radiology, Jan. 1975; 114 (1):
175-180; SCHWARZ, J.H., CANELLOS, G.P., YOUNG, R.C., DEVITA, V.T. Jr.,
Meningeal leukaemia in the blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukaemia, Am.
J. Med., Dec. 1975, 59 (6): 819-829; TERRACINI, B., Il ruolo di alcuni farmaci nell’ezioologia
dei tumori delle vie urinarie, Cancro, 1973; 26 (3): 185-188; LI, F.P.,
CASSADY, J.R., JAFFE, N., Risk of second tumours in survivors of childhood
cancer, Cancer, Apr. 1975: 35 (4): 1230-1235; CARTER, S.K., Second tumours
complicating cancer therapy, Haematol. Bluttransfus., 1978; 22: 41-44; BOIVIN,
P., Les leucémies induites par la radiothérapie ou par la chimiothérapie
peuvent-elles êtres prévues? Nouv. Presse Méd., 9 Sept. 1979; 7 (29):
2533-2534; LEGLER, F., Karzinogenese durch Schadstoffe aus der Umwelt, Pharmaka
und Ernährungsgewohnheiten, Oeff. Gesundheitswes., Oct. 1978; 40 (10): 653-662;
SCHULER, D., Iatrogenic carcinogenesis (Hungarian), Orv. Hetil., 10 Sept. 1978;
119 (37): 2239-2243; ROSNER, F., Is chemotherapy carcinogenic?, Cancer, Jan.
Feb. 1978; 28 (1): 57-59; PENN, I., Malignancies associated with
immunosuppressive or cytotoxic therapy, Surgery, May 1978; 83 (5): 492-502;
NIEWEG, H.O., Iatrogene leukaemie, Nederl. Tijdschr. Geneesk., 25 Mar.
1978; 122 (12): 398-401; MULDER, N.H., HOUWEN, B., Behandelen en vooruitzien.
Acute leukaemie na behandeling van een andere kwaadaardige ziekte, Nederl. Tijdschr. Geneesk., 25 Mar. 1978; 122 (12):
385-399; ERSKINE, J.G., WANG, I., HUTTON, M.M., Chronic granulocytic leukemia
developing upon a follicular lymphoma, Br. Med. J., 19 Nov. 1977; 2 (6098):
1329; CADMAN, E.C., CAPIZZI, R.L., BERTINO, J.R., Acute non-lymphocytic
leukaemia: a delayed complication of Hodgkin’s disease therapy: analysis of 109
cases, Cancer, Sept. 1977; 40 (3): 1280-1296; CHABNER, B.A., Second neoplasm a
complication of cancer chemotherapy, N. Engl. J. Med., 28 Jul. 1977, 297 (4):
213-215; KURTIDES, E.S., Breast cancer, chemotherapy and second malignant
neoplasms, J.A.M.A., 4 Jul. 1977; 238 (1): 28-29; WOLF, M.M., COOPER, I.A.,
DING, J.C., Hodgkin’s disease terminating in acute leukaemia: a report of seven
cases, Austr. N. Z. J. Med., Aug. 1979; 9 (4): 398-402; KAHN, M.F., ARLET, J.,
BLOCH-MICHEL, H., CAROIT, M., CHAOUAT, Y., RENIER, J.C., Leucémies aigues après
traitement par agents cytotoxiques en rhumatologie. 19 observations chez 2006
patients, Nouv. Presse Méd., 14 Apr. 1979; 8 (17): 1393-1397; PENN, I.,
Leukaemias and lymphomas associated with the use of cytotoxic and
immunosuppressive drugs, Cancer Res., 1979; 69: 7-13; JOUET, J.P.,HUART, J.J.,
BAUTERS, F., GOUDEMAND, M., Leucémies aigues complicant la maladie de Hodgkin.
Cinq nouvelles observations, Nouv. Presse Méd., 17 Feb. 1979; 8 (8): 613-614;
DANO, K., FORCHHAMMER, J., Carcinogenesis and drugs (Danish), Ugeskr. Laeger.,
Aug. 1981; 143 (35): 2246-2247; FARBER, E., Chemical carcinogenesis, N. Engl.
J. Med., 3 Dec. 1981; 305 (23): 1379-1389; STEWART, A.L., WILKINSON, P.M.,
Rapid onset of acute myeloid leukaemia following radiotherapy and chemotherapy
for metastatic seminoma of the testis, J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 1981; 100
(1): 109-111; HOOVER, R., FRAUMENI, J.F., Jr., Drug-induced cancer, Cancer, 1
Mar. 1981; 47 (5 Suppl.): 1071-1080; BLANC, A.P., GASTAUT, J.A., SEBAHOUN, G.,
DALIVOUST, P., MURISASCO, A., CARCASSONNE, Y., Naissance d’une leucémie aigue
au décours d’un traitement immunosupprésseur par le chlorambucil. Une
observation, Nouv. Presse Méd., May 1981; 10 (21): 1717-1719; CORDIER, J.F.,
TOURAINE, R., Cancers épidermoides du poumon chez un patient traité pour cancer
aplasique à petites cellules. La chimiothérapie favorise-t-elle le
développement de cancers d’un autre type histologique?, Nouv. Presse Méd., 9
May 1981; 10 (21): 1713-1716; ASBORNSEN, G., GODAL, H.C., MYHRE, K., Acute
myelogenous leukaemia after cytostatic therapy in breast cancer (Norwegian),
Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen, Feb. 1981; 101 (6): 387-388; PENN, I.
Immunosuppression and skin cancer, Clin. Plast. Surg., Jul. 1980, 7 (3):
361-368; CHAN, K.W., MILLER, D.R., TAN, C.T., Osteosarcoma and acute
myeloblastic leukaemia after therapy for childhood Hodgkin’s disease - a case
report, Med. Pediatr. Oncol., 1980; 8 (2): 143-149; MAHOMED, Y., MANDEL, M.A.,
CRAMER, S.F., MICHEL, B., Squamous cell carcinoma arising in pemphigus vulgaris
during immunosuppressive therapy, Cancer, 15 Sept. 1980; 46 (6): 1374-1377;
DOHY, H., GENOT, J.Y., IMBERT, M., D’AGAY, M.F., SULTAN, C., Myelodysplasia and
leukaemia related to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy: a haematological study
of 13 cases. Value of macrocytosis as an early sign of bone marrow injury,
Clin. Lab. Haematol., 1980, 2 (2): 111-119.
10.
IMPAIRMENT OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:
SHERKOW,
L.H., Chemotherapeutic neurotoxicity on brain scintigraphy, Clin. Nucl. Med.,
Oct. 1979; 4 (10): 439-440.
11.
CARDIOTOXICITY:
KAYE,
S.B., IKRAM, H., Acute cardiac pain and electrocardiographic changes following
cytotoxic treatment for metastatic carcinoma, Clin. Oncol., Sept. 1976; 2 (3):
215-218; WEINSTEIN, P., GREENWALD, E.S., GROSSMAN, J., Unusual cardiac reaction
to chemotherapy following mediastinal irradiation in a patient with Hodgkin’s
disease, Am. J. Med., Jan. 1976; 60 (1): 152-156; APPELBAUM, F., STRAUCHEN,
J.A., GRAW, R.G. Jr., SAVAGE, D.D., KENT, K.M., FERRANS, V.J., HERZIG, G.P.,
Acute lethal carditis caused by high-dose combination chemotherapy. A unique
clinical and pathological entity, Lancet, 10 Jan. 1976; 1 (7950): 58-62;
GHIONE, M., Effetti tossici dei farmaci antitumorali sul sistema
cardiovascolare, Recent Prog. Med. (Roma), Oct. 1977; 63 (4): 382-410; SZABO,
G., KOVACS, A., Intra-arterial chemotherapy of head and neck tumours, Acta
Chir. Acad. Sci. Hung., 1979; 20 (1): 49-55; GARIMOLDI, M., PIAZZA, E.,
BERTELLO, C., RUGGERI, P.R., LIBRETTI, A., Effetto della chemioterapia
antiblastica su alcuni parametri cardiologice, Boll. Soc. Ital. Cardiol., 1978;
23 (10): 1785-1790.
12.
MISCELLANEA:
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